Biometrics (or biometric authentication)refers to the identification of humans by their characteristics or traits. Biometrics is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control.[2] It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are under surveillance.[www.wikipedia.org]
Biometric identifiers are the distinctive, measurable characteristics used to label and describe individuals.
Examples fingerprint, face recognition, DNA, Palm print, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina and odour/scent.
Fingerprint:-
Face Recognition:-
Recognizing people by their facial features is the oldest identification mechanism of all, going back at least to our early primate ancestors. Biologists believe that a significant part of our cognitive function evolved to provide efficient ways of recognizing other people’s facial features and expressions. For example, we are extremely good at detecting whether another person is looking at us or not. In theory, humans ‘ability to identify people by their faces appears to be very much better than any automatic system produced to date. The human ability to recognize faces is also important to the security engineer because of the widespread reliance placed on photo Ids.
Colleges and Schools have over the last few years begun to use automated fingerprint
identification systems (AFIS) for registration, library book borrowing and cashless catering. Fingerprints are not essential to the applications but unlike swipe cards they cannot be lost, and this has been given as a reason for using them. A subset of the unique features of the fingerprint are extracted from a scanned image and converted into a biometric “template”. This template, a binary number, is checked against the template generated each time a person places his finger on the scanner.
Face Recognition:-
Recognizing people by their facial features is the oldest identification mechanism of all, going back at least to our early primate ancestors. Biologists believe that a significant part of our cognitive function evolved to provide efficient ways of recognizing other people’s facial features and expressions. For example, we are extremely good at detecting whether another person is looking at us or not. In theory, humans ‘ability to identify people by their faces appears to be very much better than any automatic system produced to date. The human ability to recognize faces is also important to the security engineer because of the widespread reliance placed on photo Ids.
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